• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method is provided for the formation of high precision metal slugs by cold forming. A metal column starting material is subjected to a preforming step in which the starting material is cold forged with a pair of upper and lower metal dies provided with concave recesses to produce a primary product having a barrel shape having a high degree of parallelism on the ends. The resultant primary product is subjected to an upsetting step in which the barrel shape is crushed while maintaining parallelism to obtain a secondary product. The resultant secondary product is then subjected to an ironing step in which the outer diameter of the secondary product is reduced to obtain a high precision slug having an outer diameter which is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the desired final product for which the slug will be utilized.
    公开号:SU957752A3
    申请号:SU792742247
    申请日:1979-03-23
    公开日:1982-09-07
    发明作者:Мураками Кинсиро；Хакояма Ацуму；Ямазаки Масаказу；Канамару Хисанобу；Оути Ясуси；Токайрин Акира
    申请人:Аида Инджиниринг,Лтд (Фирма)；Хитачи,Лтд (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to processing! metal pressure and can be used to obtain precise blanks for cold forming. 5
    A known method of calibrating cylindrical blanks for die forging, including preliminary upsetting with the simultaneous formation of chamfers £ 1]. 10
    The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the calibrated blanks in view of that; that the workpiece cut off from the bar and to be calibrated inevitably has 5 beveled ends, which leads to the eccentricity of the application of the upsetting force and, as a result, to the non-parallel ™ ends of the calibrated workpiece and distortion of the side surface shape ~ 20 .
    The purpose of the invention is improving the quality of calibrated workpieces.
    This object is achieved in that according to a method for calibrating cylindrical May 2nd FIR billets for forging, comprising the provisional pellet with simultaneous chamfering obrazonivaem, wherein during precipitation .predvaritelnoy chamfers form an angle of 8-18 to the workpiece axis and, space otnoshenye ends of the preform to preliminary precipitation and after it 0.85-0.95, and the degree of preliminary precipitation does not exceed 15%, and after preliminary precipitation the workpiece is additionally subjected to open precipitation and subsequent reduction. e. ,
    Figure 1 shows a ^ calibrated cylindrical blank; figure 2 diagram of the technological process of calibration of the workpiece and the subsequent volumetric stamping on transitions; in Fig.Z - preliminary sediment with the formation of chamfers; figure 4 is a graph of the dependence characterizing the parallelism of the ends of the pre-deposited blanks from the angle of inclination of the sections of the stamp, forming the bevel, to the axis of the workpiece; Figure 5 γ graph of the dependence of parallelism · the ends of the pre-upsetting workpiece. from the ratio of the areas of the ends of the workpiece before and after preliminary settlement; figure 6 is a graph of the dependence of the parallelism of the ends of the pre-deposited workpiece on the degree of precipitation; Fig. 7 is a graph of the dependence of the deviation from the nominal 3 diameter of the workpiece on the degree ι of preliminary precipitation; on Fig additional open sediment. preparations; figure 9 - reduction of the workpiece.
    The method is as follows.
    Cut off from the bar blank. ku. 1 (usually with beveled ends) is subjected (Fig. 2) to preliminary cold sediment with the formation of chamfers on its end sections, thereby obtaining a barrel-shaped semi-finished product 2 with flat ends, which is then further precipitated to obtain the semi-finished product 3 and reduced through the matrix. The result is a high-precision calibrated cylindrical billet 4, which is used in the future for volume stamping parts, such as gears 5.
    Preliminary draft is as follows.
    The workpiece 1 is cut from the bar to the required length by processing on the press, cutting with a saw or turning with a turning tool and the slope of the cut part is preferably not more than 3 °. When high-precision workpieces are made for stamping parts such as gears without subsequent processing of the material, the workpieces must have a hardness .N „“ less than
    The initial blank 1 is pre-deposited (stamped) by matrices b and 7 into a semi-finished product that has a barrel-shaped side surface. Thus, the diameter D o and the length Η α 4θ of the specified blank 1 become 0 (and Н (respectively. Matrices 6 and 7 have concave parts 8 and 9 on the inner surfaces facing each other.
    In accordance with the experiments, it was found that these concave sections are more effective if they have the shape of a cone with an increasing cross section to a greater extent: on the periphery than vertically in order to provide a barrel-shaped shape of the semi-finished product 3. Choosing an inclination angle Θ. the lateral surface of the concave section changes the parallelism of the ends of the pre. but deposited blanks, as shown in figure 4 (parallelism means Hi * R (in millimeters), where H is the maximum height of the workpiece; N] the minimum height of the workpiece,
    In the case when the indicated angle is 0 °, the edges of the matrices cut off the periphery of the pre-stamped workpiece and leave cracks. Thus, the increase ® violates the parallelism of the ends of the workpiece. From this we can conclude that the angle of inclination of the periphery of the concave part of the matrix should preferably be in the range of 8-18 °.
    Experiments show that the relationship between the ratio of the areas O 2 / D 2 of the ends of the workpiece before and after preliminary precipitation of the primary workpiece using matrices having Θ = 15 ° and the parallelism of the ends of the workpiece changes, as is shown in Fig. 5. This value is an important factor for achieving barrel-shaped and optimal parallelism of the ends of the workpiece, and is also an important factor for reducing differences in the maximum outer diameters of pre-upset workpieces. From the experiment, the optimal value of the ratio of the areas of the ends of the workpiece before th after preliminary precipitation was found and it is not less than 0.85, and more preferably 0.90-0.95.
    Fig.6 shows the relationship between 1 to the degree of pre-settlement of the workpiece (N 0 -H g ) / H 6 and the parallelism of the ends of the workpiece, when 9 = 15 °, and Dj / Dq is 0.90. In accordance with the experiment, the parallelism of the ends of the workpiece becomes stable when δ = 15 °, D ^ / po 0.9. .15%, ^ The degree of settlement ~ greater than 15% increases the narrowing of the ends of the workpiece and creates undesirable deformation. ,
    The difference in the external diameters of the workpieces after preliminary stamping and settlement is experimentally determined when Θ 15. The graph in Fig. 7 shows the result of calculating the changes in diameter according to the maximum external diameter and the ends of the pre-stamped (upset) workpieces caused by the difference and the degree of settlement. Stable results can be obtained when the degree of precipitation is 0-15%. The angle of inclination of the lateral surfaces of the working recesses of the matrices for preliminary upsetting of the stamping, the ratio of the areas of the ends of the workpiece before and after the preliminary stamping, and the degree of upsetting are the main factors for maintaining the difference in the maximum outer diameter of the pre-stamped workpiece at an optimal level.
    After preliminary stamping (precipitation), an open semifinished product is precipitated, as a result of which, under pressure, the semifinished product 2, having a barrel-shaped shape, turns into a secondary semifinished product 3. The precipitate is produced by means of metal dies 10 and 11 (Fig. 8), 65 having flat working surfaces.
    During the upsetting process, the shape of the semi-finished product is changed in such a way that the external diameter of the workpiece is ensured with high accuracy and at the same time high parallelism of both ends of the workpiece is maintained, in order to 5 prepare it for the subsequent reduction process. Therefore, the outer diameter 0 2 after additional upsetting becomes somewhat larger than the diameter 10 (Fig.9) after reduction.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure and can be used in the preparation of precision blanks for cold bulk forming. A known method of calibrating cylindrical die forgings, including pre-settling with the simultaneous formation of chamfers 1. The poor quality of the known method is the low quality of the calibrated blanks because of that; that the workpiece, cut off from the rod and to be calibrated, inevitably has beveled ends, which leads to an eccentricity of application of the upsetting force and, as a consequence, to the non-parallelism of the ends of the calibrated workpiece and distortion of the lateral surface. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the calibrated blanks. This goal is achieved by the fact that, according to the method of calibration of cylindrical blanks for die forging, including preliminary draft with simultaneous formation of chamfers, in the process of preliminary draft, chamfers are formed at an angle of 8–18 K to the axis of the workpiece, 0,85-0,95, and the degree of preliminary precipitation does not exceed 15%, and after the preliminary precipitation, the billet is additionally subjected to open draft and subsequent reduction. o Figure 1 shows a calibrated cylindrical 3aroTOBKaf of Figure 2, a flowchart for calibrating the workpiece and subsequent die forging by transitions; on fig.Z - pre-sediment with the formation of chamfers ;; FIG. 4 is a graph showing the dependence of the value characterizing the parallelism of the ends of a preliminarily upset billet on the angle of inclination of the sections of the stamp forming the chamfers to the axis of the billet; Fig. 5 is a plot of the parallelism of the ends of a pre-deposited workpiece, versus the ratio of the areas of the ends of the workpiece to and. after pre-draft; on figb is a graph of the dependence of the parallelism of the ends of the pre-deposited preform on the degree of precipitation; Fig. 7 is a plot of the deviation from the nominal diameter of the workpiece as a function of the preliminary draft; in fig. 8 additional open sludge openings; figure 9 - reduction of the workpiece. The method is implemented as follows. Razom .. Cut from the rod billet. 1 (usually with beveled ends) is subjected (Fig. 2) to a pre-cold draft with the formation of chamfers on its end sections, thereby obtaining a barrel-shaped semi-finished product 2c with flat ends, which is then further set down to obtain a semi-finished product 3 and reduced through the matrix. As a result, a high-precision calibrated cylindrical billet 4 is obtained, which is subsequently used for the volume forming of a part, for example a gear wheel 5. The preliminary draft is performed as follows. The workpiece 1 is cut from the bar to the required length by machining on a press, cutting with a saw or machining with a turning tool and tilting the cut part does not exceed 3. When high-precision workpieces are made to stamp parts such as gears without further processing the material, the workpiece must have hardness, H „„ less than H ,, 90. Initial preform 1 is preliminarily deposited (it is stamped with matrices b and 7 into a semi-finished product that has a barrel-shaped side surface. Thus, the diameter Dg and the length of said preform 1 become respectively 0 :( and H (. Matrices 6 and 7 have concave parts 8 and 9 on the inner surfaces facing each other according to the experiments carried out. It has been found that the concave areas indicated are more effective if they are cone-shaped with an increasing cross-section more peripherally than along the edges. for tog to provide a barrel-shaped form of the semi-finished product 3. The choice of the angle of inclination of the 9. side surface of the concave section changes the parallelism of the ends of the pre-deposited blanks, as shown in figure 4 (parallelism means (in millimeters) where H is the maximum height of the blank; Hj is the minimum height of the blank, In the case when the specified angle is 0 °, the edges of the dies cut the periphery of the pre-stamped workpiece and leave cracks. Thus, an increase in violates the parallelism of the ends of the workpiece. From this we can conclude that the angle of inclination of the periphery of the concave part of the matrix. Should mainly be in the range of 8-18. Experiments show that the relationship between the area ratio / D of the ends of the workpiece before and after the preliminary draft of the primary workpiece using matrices having 9–15 and the parallelism of the ends of the workpiece varies, as shown in FIG. This value is an important factor for achieving barrel-shaped and optimal parallelism of the ends of the billet, as well as an important factor for reducing the differences in the maximum external diameters of the pre-billet blanks. From the experiment, the optimum value of the ratio of the areas of the ends of the billet before and after the preliminary draft was found and it is not less than 0.85, and more preferably 0.90-0.95. Fig.b shows the relationship between the degree of pre-draft of the preform (Hj, -Hj) / H6 and the parallelity of the ends of the preform when 9 15, and 01 / DQ is 0.90. In accordance with the experiment, the parallelism of the ends of the workpiece becomes stable when b -15 °, 0.9, 5%. The degree of precipitation is greater than 15% increases the narrowing of the ends of the workpiece and creates undesirable deformation. The difference in external diameters of the backpoints is determined experimentally stamping and sludge when 0 15. The graph in Fig. 7 shows the result of calculating the diameter changes from the maximum outer diameter and the ends of the pre-stamped (upset) blanks caused by the difference and the degree of slump. Stable results can be obtained when the degree of precipitation is 0-15%. The angle of inclination of the side surfaces of the working recesses of the dies for pre-pelletizing, the ratio of the areas of the ends of the workpiece before and after the pre-stamping and the degree of precipitation are the main factors1 and to maintain the difference in the maximum outer diameter of the pre-stamped workpiece at an optimal level. After pre-stamping (precipitation produces an open draft of the semifinished product, as a result, under the action of pressure, the semifinished product 2, having a barrel shape, turns into a secondary semifinished product 3. The syrup is produced by means of metal dies 10 and 11 (Fig. B) having flat working surfaces. During the slump process, the shape of the semifinished material changes in such a way that the outer diameter of the workpiece is provided with high accuracy and at the same time, a high parallelism is maintained between both workings of the RING, so that Therefore, external D, after additional precipitation, becomes slightly larger than diameter D (Fig. 9) after reduction. Claims The method of calibration of cylindrical blanks for die forging, including preliminary draft with the simultaneous formation of chamfers. the fact that, in order to improve the quality of the calibrated blanks, in the process of preliminary precipitation, the chamfers form at an angle to the axis of the workpiece, th precipitation and after it 0.85 - 0.95, moreover, the degree of preliminary precipitation does not exceed 15%, and after the preliminary precipitation, the billet is additionally subjected to open draft and subsequent reduction. Sources of information taken during the examination 1. Cold volume 1 stamping 7 Handbook ed. G.A. Navrotsky M., 1973, p. 153, fig. 15 and p. 272-273 (prototype).
    ig. 1 V
    io, 3
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    0.1
    yWfS20tS
     nakdana concave vacmu metal ichvskvi nashrit (in)
    FIG.
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    oh g
      I
    0
    0,86.eS0,, 95t, e
    Reconciliation of areas (wklverv9 ipolp pr 9fetftume iiHffu nfofepnu {f / ffi)
    ut.S
    b19
    510
    Ratio of% C% But fff / H,
    Precipitation ratio (/ f)
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    20 FIG. 7
    FIG. eight
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    FIG. 9
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE2911542A1|1979-10-04|
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    JPS54125153A|1979-09-28|
    US4253323A|1981-03-03|
    GB2021446B|1982-05-12|
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    引用文献:
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    US4069571A|1976-05-26|1978-01-24|General Motors Corporation|Wheel cylinder piston having a flared boss end and a method of flaring a boss end|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP53033136A|JPS6018510B2|1978-03-24|1978-03-24|
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